Most Sharks have a very unique way of breathing/respirating with ram ventilation, or having to move to push air through thier gills,however whitetip reef sharks have found a way to bypass that by evolving muscles that can push water over thier gills in a very similar way that humans push oxygen over thier lungs.
Whitetip Reef Sharks Feed mainly on octopuses, crustaceans and reef fish, including eels, snappers, parrotfish and triggerfish.
Sharks reproduce via internal fertilization
White tip reef sharks are viviparous which is interesting because not every shark is "viviparous"
some sources say sharks have a cloaca which allows them to excrete both liquid and solid waste out of the same hole, but after further reading there are also a multitude of sources saying that sharks have a system of excreting urea, or other wastes through the skin and/or gills I cant be sure which ones are correct so im letting you decide, maybe its both.
Shark pups are born in a litter of one to six pups. Born in a safe place but not cared for by mother past birth as they are born ready to hunt and swim. A new-born pup can be 1.7 to 1.9 feet long and can grow up to 5.6 feet. sharks reach sexual maturity after 8-9 years.
Sharks have the 5 basic senses, seeing, feeling, hearing, etc. sharks sense of feel is different then humans because they do not seem to respond to painful stimuli although they can still "feel" touch. A sharks hearing is sensitive to low-frequency sounds in which they use to assist in capturing prey.(crazy personality change right here) Wearing bright colors like yellow while diving around sharks is a terrible idea as sharks can in fact see color and they WILL see you first so good luck, sharks can also see well in low-light level environments showing evidence of a high rod concentration in thier eyes likely because these types of sharks tend to hunt at night.
I would love to write more about this but unfortunatley i got work to do and i feel like this is enough
Fur seals breath exactly how you would expect them to breath, in through the nose or mouth, and out of the nose, or mouth, into the lungs, out of the lungs. One of the quirks of seals are that they have reinforced lungs, important for swimming or diving deep under water.
Seals are carnivorous eat a various slection of "midwater" fish and squids. Seals hunt all night from sundown to sunrise and this might be why they are always seen slouching around during the day.
both female and male seals start reproducing at the ages 5-7. Female seals continue to reproduce every year all the way until 23 years old. The Seals mating season typically begins during november and lasts 2-3 months.
Fur Seals have a "standard" excretory system with all the basic parts for example a stomach, intestines, bladder, etc. the interesting thing is that seals have a much stronger bladder that can produce urine in higher concentrations allowing them to conserve water.
Male seals can live up to 18 years while Femal seals can live up to 27 years. Seals start out as "pups", staying with thier parents until 4 to 6 weeks old
Seals can see underwater better than they can on dry land because they have evolved round lenses in thier eyes similar to fish. Seals have excellent hearing both under and above water and they can hear sounds much higher above human hearing. These Seals have amazing senses even thier sense of smell is amazing they evolved this so they could smell prey from further away.
Kelp uses photosyntheses to exchange gas by taking both water and carbon dioxide from its environment and using the two too create glucose with oxygen as a byproduct of this conversion.
as stated previously kelps ud photosynthesis as nutrition by braking down the glucose that is created with photosynthesis
giant kelp begin reproducing when a cell called a sori matures and begins expelling spores, these spores go on to "germinate" on a "hard substrate". Froom my understanding these cells then go on to produce both female and male in wich the male and female then reproduce
giant kelp excrete the excess oxygen in the creation of glucose during photosynthesis
heres a quote directly from the wiki because I need my precious time and I dont want my brain to blow up "The kelp life cycle involves a diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stage. The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes.
i should fibish this
sea urchins have tube-like limbs called "tube feet" that are used as not only for mobility and grasping but they also serve the purpose of breathing. The Tube feet are the main way that sea urchins breath
most species of sea urchin are herbivores and eat things like algae and seaweed though some species are omnivorous and feed on both plants and slow moving animals. Sea urchins grab onto thins with thier tube feet while eating plants like kelp or when algae flats by the use thier tube feet to bring it to a mouth located on the bottom side of the urchin.
female sea urchins realease eggs directly into water and supposedley drift in the current until a male sea urchin is found and fertilises the eggs. Other species of urchins hold thier eggs on thier quills.
sea urchins excrete waste by means of an anus by the top of thier body where all waste is excreted.
sea urchins start as a form of plankton and go through several stages of growth before becoming a smaller/juvenile version of a mature sea urchin.
Sea urchins are sensitive to touch, light and chemicals(?). sea urchins have many sensitive cells scattered along thier body but they are more prominent in thier tube legs and around the mouth